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991.
Preparation of Titanium Nitride/Alumina Laminate Composites 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Jing-Xian Zhang Zheng-Ren Huang Dong-Liang Jiang Shouhong H. Tan Zhijian Shen Mats Nygren 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2002,85(5):1133-1138
A preparation route for TiN/Al2 O3 laminate composites has been described. A water-based process using Al2 O3 and TiN slurries with solids contents of 40 and 35 vol%, respectively, was used to make TiN and Al2 O3 tapes. The removal of the binder was monitored by weight-loss measurements in a thermogravimetry unit. Bodies composed of Al2 O3 and TiN tapes were densified at temperatures of 1400° and 1500°C using the Spark Plasma Sintering® (SPS) technique. Densities of >98% of the theoretical densities were approached. Crack-free and almost fully densified TiN/Al2 O3 compacts were prepared by heating the burned-out green bodies to the final sintering temperature (1500°C) at a rate of 100°C/min, and with a holding time of 5–10 min, under a pressure of 75 MPa. The microstructures of the obtained compacts were studied using scanning electron microscopy. Grain sizes in the sintered Al2 O3 and TiN compacts were similar to those of the precursor powders. Hardness and indentation fracture toughness were measured at room temperature, and the monolithic compacts as well as the laminate composites exhibited anisotropic mechanical behavior; i.e., the cracks propagated much more easily in a direction parallel to the laminas than perpendicular to them. 相似文献
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With the gradual rise of enzyme engineering, it has played an essential role in synthetic biology, medicine, and biomanufacturing. However, due to the limitation of the cell membrane, the complexity of cellular metabolism, the difficulty of controlling the reaction environment, and the toxicity of some metabolic products in traditional in vivo enzyme engineering, it is usually problematic to express functional enzymes and produce a high yield of synthesized compounds. Recently, cell-free synthetic biology methods for enzyme engineering have been proposed as alternative strategies. This cell-free method has no limitation of the cell membrane and no need to maintain cell viability, and each biosynthetic pathway is highly flexible. This property makes cell-free approaches suitable for the production of valuable products such as functional enzymes and chemicals that are difficult to synthesize. This article aims to discuss the latest advances in cell-free enzyme engineering, assess the trend of this developing topical filed, and analyze its prospects. 相似文献
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The epoxidation of propylene catalyzed by a reaction-controlled phase transfer catalyst [π-C5H5NC16H33]3[PW4O16] is investigated. The H2O2 is generated by the oxidation of 2-ethylanthrahydroquinone (EAHQ) with molecular oxygen in the organic solvent. Under mild conditions, the selectivity for propylene oxide, based on propylene, is 95%, and the yield, based on 2-ethylanthrahydroquinone, is 85%. During the epoxidation, the catalytic system is homogeneous. However, after the H2O2 is used up, the catalyst can be recovered as a precipitate and can be reused. After the epoxidation reaction, 2-ethylanthraquinone can be regenerated to 2-ethylanthrahydroquinone by catalytic hydrogenation, and no coproduct is produced. 相似文献
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均相Nd(vers)3/Al(i-Bu)2H/Al(i-Bu)2Cl催化聚合异戊二烯 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用A l(i-Bu)2C l(简称C l)、Nd(vers)3(简称Nd)和A l(i-Bu)2H(简称A l)在少量异戊二烯(Ip)存在下,Nd与A l在50℃下反应后,再与C l作用,可配制成均相高效催化剂体系。考察了Nd和A l二组分陈化时间、Nd和A l、C l三组分陈化时间、A l/Nd(摩尔比)、C l/Nd(摩尔比)、聚合温度及溶剂对催化剂相态和Ip聚合的影响。结果表明,上述反应因素对催化剂的相态和产物微观结构均无影响,聚异戊二烯(PI)的顺式-1,4-结构摩尔分数在95.0%以上;Nd和A l二组分陈化时间应控制在10 m in之内;Nd、A l和C l三组分陈化时间对PI收率无影响。当A l/Nd为15或C l/Nd为1.0时,均相Nd/A l/C l催化剂体系仍具有高的聚合活性。当聚合温度为30~70℃时,提高温度可提高PI收率;以环己烷替代或部分替代己烷可提高PI收率。 相似文献